Increase the proportion of persons aged 2 years and older who consume 2,400 mg or less of sodium daily

	Baseline											Target
Objective	Year	Baseline	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2010

19-10 Total sodium intake - 2,400 mg or less daily (age
adjusted, aged 2 years and over)	1988-94	21%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Race and ethnicity
American Indian or Alaska Native only	1988-94	DSU	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Asian or Pacific Islander only	1988-94	DNA	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Asian only	1988-94	DNC	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander only	1988-94	DNC	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Black or African American only	1988-94	25%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
White only	1988-94	20%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
2 or more races	1988-94	DNC	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
American Indian or Alaska Native; White	1988-94	DNC	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Black or African American; White	1988-94	DNC	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Hispanic or Latino	1988-94	DSU	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Mexican American	1988-94	25%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Not Hispanic or Latino	1988-94	21%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Black or African American only, not Hispanic or Latino	1988-94	25%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
White only, not Hispanic or Latino	1988-94	20%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Family income level
Lower income level (<=130% of poverty threshold)	1988-94	25%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Higher income level (>130% of poverty threshold)	1988-94	20%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Disability status (persons aged 20 years and over)
Persons with disabilities	1991-94	18%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Persons without disabilities	1991-94	16%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Select populations
Gender and Age
Females aged 2 years and older	1988-94	32%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Females aged 2 to 5 years (not age adjusted)	1988-94	64%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	NA
Females aged 6 to 11 years (not age adjusted)	1988-94	26%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	NA
Females aged 12 to 19 years (not age adjusted)	1988-94	29%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	NA
Females aged 20 years and older (not age
adjusted)	1988-94	30%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	NA
Males aged 2 years and older	1988-94	9%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Males aged 2 to 5 years (not age adjusted)	1988-94	50%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	NA
Males aged 6 to 11 years (not age adjusted)	1988-94	16%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	NA
Males aged 12 to 19 years (not age adjusted)	1988-94	4%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	NA
Males aged 20 years and older (not age adjusted)	1988-94	6%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	NA
Females with high blood pressure	1988-94	32%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Females without high blood pressure	1988-94	29%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Males with high blood pressure	1988-94	7%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%
Males without high blood pressure	1988-94	5%	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	65%


DATA ISSUES
--- = Data are not available.
BSL = Baseline data available for this year. See Baseline column.
DNA = Data have not been analyzed.
DNC = Data for specific population are not collected.
DSU = Data do not meet the criteria for statistical reliability, data quality, or confidentiality.
NA = Not applicable.


DATA SOURCE
19-10 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS.

Additional Information

Numerator: Number of persons aged 2 years and older who report consuming less than or equal to 2,400 mg of sodium daily.

Denominator: Number of persons aged 2 years and older.

Population Targeted: U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population.

The baseline estimates include consideration of several sources of sodium intake: foods, dietary supplements, tap water, and salt use at the table. However, they do not include sodium intake from antacids and other medications. In addition, a statistical procedure was used to remove the within-person variation in daily sodium intakes from food, and thus provide better estimates of usual intake of sodium with the use of dietary data per individual (that is, 1 day of dietary data for all NHANES respondents and 2-day dietary data for a subset).

It is possible that update estimates for certain population segments may be available annually for this objective, whereas estimates for smaller subgroups will require multiyear data.

Regarding salt use at the table, sea salt, flavored salts such as garlic, onion, and celery salt, and seasoning salts were counted as ordinary salts. Lite salt was labeled as such and has a reduced sodium content. Salt substitutes do not contain sodium. To obtain a daily amount for each person, the amount of sodium depending on salt type was multiplied by the frequency value. (Sodium in type of salt x frequency amount of sodium from table salt added per day.)

Type of salt: A zero sodium value was assigned for "none" and "salt substitute." For "ordinary salt," 290 mg (for "very often" code) was assigned for persons aged 2 to 19 years, and 580 mg was assigned for persons aged 20 years and older. For "lite" salt, 145 mg was assigned for persons aged 2 to 19 years, and 290 mg was assigned for persons aged 20 years and older. For missing values, a default of "ordinary salt" was assigned.

Frequency of salt use: for "rarely" sodium value was multiplied by 0.25; for "occasionally," sodium value was multiplied by 0.50; for "very often," sodium value was multiplied by 1; for missing values, "occasionally" was used as the default.

Drinking water: If home drinking water had a water softening or conditioning system, ounces of water consumed were multiplied by 3 mg per fluid ounce; otherwise water was counted as unsoftened. 1 mg per fluid ounce was used for "regular" municipal water based on the USDA food composition database. To get daily sodium from drinking water, the mg of sodium per fluid ounce was multiplied by the number of fluid ounces.

Dietary supplements: Sodium from dietary supplements reported in the survey was calculated. If supplement data were missing, then it was assumed that no sodium was provided by supplements but the individual was kept in the calculation.

Breast-feeding children aged 2 years and older were excluded from the analysis.